Lyle J. Pate
Lyle J. “Greasy” Pate, 59, of Poca died November 16, 2001, at home.
Graveside service was held Monday, November 19, 2001, at Pine Grove Cemetery, McCorkle, with Paul Arthur officiating. Gatens Funeral Home, Poca, was in charge of arrangements.
Lisa Gail Payton
Lisa Gail Sargent Payton, 25, of Scott Depot died November 16, 2001, in Putnam General Hospital of injuries received in an auto accident in Putnam County.
She was employed by Gino’s, Winfield. She was a native of Winfield and a graduate of Winfield High School. She was a member of North Charleston Baptist Church.
She was preceded in death by her father, Robert l. Sargent, and brothers, Robert A. Sargent and Jerry L. Loudin.
Surviving: husband, Terrance D. Payton of Scott Depot; son, Justin Matthew Payton; mother, Shirley Purdue Sargent of Winfield; brothers, Mike Loudin of St. Albans, Mark A. Sargent and Virgil L. Sargent, both of Winfield; sisters, Gloria A. Hensley of Poca and Tracie A. Ferris of Hurricane; many nieces and nephews.
Service was held Tuesday, November 20, 2001, at North Charleston Baptist Church with the Rev. John Jicka officiating. Burial was in Cunningham Memorial Park, St. Albans, Cooke Funeral Home, Nitro, was in charge of arrangements.
John D. McMillian
John Daniel McMillian, 74, of Hurricane died November 18, 2001, in Putnam General Hospital.
He was a retired probation officer for the state of West Virginia and a schoolteacher. He was a veteran of World War II, having served with the Marine Raiders.
Surviving: wife, Betty; son, Michael McMillian of Morgantown; grandchildren, Sarah and Mathew.
Service was held Tuesday, November 20, 2001, at Allen Funeral Home, Hurricane. Burial was in Teays Valley Memorial Gardens. Memorial donations may be made to the Putnam County Humane Society.
Donovan W. Barringer
Donovan William Barringer, 60, of Hurricane was brutally murdered outside his home on November 17, 2001.
He graduated from Hurricane High School and went to Wisconsin where he worked for Ozite Carpet Co., and Shappert Construction Company building bridges. He came home and went into the U.S. Army, serving in German. While in Europe, he visited 15 countries. He was a member of Charleston Larbor Union Local 1353 for 30 years and retired from BBL/Carlton Construction in 1999. He was of the Protestant faith and lived his life each day helping anyone who needed him. He was caregiver to his mother who lived with him.
He was preceded in death by his father, Elza, and sister, Viola.
Surviving: mother, Ethel Barringer; sisters, Audrey Cyrus of Hurricane, Genevieve Racer of Scott Depot, Geraldine Hodges of Hurricane, Alma McCallister of South Charleston, and Judith Scisciana of Auroro, Colorado; 12 nieces and nephews; 13 great-nieces and -nephews; and many friends.
Service was held Wednesday, November 21, 2001, at Allen Funeral Home, Hurricane, with the Rev. Winford Curry officiating. Burial was in Forest Memorial Park, Milton.
Ethel M. Cochran
Ethel Marie Cochran, 86, of Red House died November 19, 2001.
Surviving: brother, Andrew Jack Cochran of Rocky Fork.
Service was held Wednesday, November 21, 2001, at Gatens Funeral Home, Poca. Burial was in New Antioch Cemetery.
Buford R. Thornton
Buford Randolph Thornton, 80, of Hurricane died November 25, 2001, in Putnam General Hospital after a short illness.
He was a retired union Carbide employee, a member of the Appalachian Fiddlers Association, an active musician and an avid photographer.
Surviving: wife, Lena Ruth; sons, Jerry R. Thornton of Charleston and Steven O. Thornton of Strasburg, Virginia; daughters, Awilda G. Stephenson of Chesapeake, Virginia, Evelyn A. Phelps of Dunbar, Carolyn R. Smith and Marsha Thornton Bradbury of Hurricane; brothers, Bernard and Raymond Oxley of Huricane, Leonard Thornton of Florida and Howard Thornton of Franklin, Ohio; sisters, Edith Johnson of Middletown, Ohio and Catherine Coyner of Florida; 10 grandchildren; eight great-grandchildren.
Service was held Tuesday, November 27, 2001, at Allen Funeral Home, Hurricane, with Elder Veldon Linn officiating. Burial was in Hareys Creek Cemetery.
John W. Cobb
John Woodrow “Woody” Cobb, 85, of Scott Depot, formerly of Clendenin, died November 24, 2001, in St. Mary’s Hospital, Huntington, after a short illness.
He was a member of Clendenin United Methodist Church. He was a founding member of the National World War II Venterans Memorial and a U.S. Navy veteran of World War II, where he served in the Pacific Theater. He was also a member of the Landing Craft Support, Large, Association, an organization comprised of men who served in the 120 ship LCSL fleet.
He was a 55-year member of Clendenin Masonic Lodge 126 AF&AM. He was also a member of the Scottish Rite bodies, Beni Kedem Shrine and the Royal Court Jesters, Charleston.
Surviving: sons, John A. Cobb of Exeter, New Hampshire and James W. Cobb of Vienna; grandchildren, Jason Cobb, Amy McGinnis, Jefferson Cobb, John Andrew Cobb and Jill Crino; great-grandchild, Henry Cobb McGinnis.
Service was held Tuesday, November 27, 2001, at Clendenin United Methodist Church with the Rev. Jim Pinkerston officiating. Burial was in the Cobb family Cemetery, Clendenin. Matics Funeral Home, Clendenin.
Donald E. Beaver Jr.
Donald E. Beaver Jr., 52, of Poca died November 22, 2001, in Putnam General Hospital.
He was a retired fireman from South Charleston Fire Dept. with 20 years of service and a Marine veteran. He was owner and president of Beaver Ventures Inc., a musician with Country Touch Band for 20 years, and a member of the Moose Lodge and Fraternal Order of Eagles.
Surviving: wife, Lorna E. Beaver; mother, Sylvia Faye Beaver of Charleston; children, John Arthur Beaver of Decatur, Michigan, Tina Renee Justice of Hurricane, Amanda Jean Hinkle of Covert, Michigan, and Christopher Donald Beaver at home; sister, Sharon Good of Eleanor; brother, Ralph R. Rutledge of Charleston; 11 grandchildren.
Service was held Sunday, November 25, 2001, at Gatens Funeral Home, Poca, with the Rev. Ezra Graley officiating.
Gladys O. Johnson
Gladys O. Johnson of Hurricane died November 18, 2001, at Putnam General Hospital after a long illness.
She was a former employee of The Diamond department store, a member of Mount Vernon Batist Church, Hurricane, and Celebration Choir. She was an active visitor of many Kanawha Valley nuring homes, a former member of Scott Depot Woman’s Club and a member of John Henson Senior Center, Hurricane.
Surviving: daughters, Dorothy Emogene Watson, Betty Lou Elis and Peggy Sue Jones, all of Scott Depot; grandson, Larry “Chip” Jones II of Aiken, South Carolina and Gene Edwin Watson II of Rochester, New York; great-grandchildren, Caroline and Ryan Watson, both of Rochester, New York.
Service was held Friday, November 23, 2001, at Mount Vernon Baptist Church with Pastor Lee White officiating. Burial was in Mount Vernon Cemetery. Chapman Funeral Home, Teays Valley, was in charge of arrangements.
Edna M. Stanley
Edna M. Martin Stanley, 83, of Buffalo died November 20, 2001, at Country Villa Care, Buffalo, following a long illness.
She was a homemaker, a retired postal clerk with 20 years of service, and an avid bowler, belonging to the World Bowling Association.
She was preceded in death by her husband, Howard Woodrow Stanely, and sons, Phillip and Howard Burl Stanley.
Surviving: sons, Gary L. Stanley and his wife, Eva, and Charles “Gib” Stanley and his wife, Judy, both of Buffalo; brother, Herman Martin of Buffalo; sister, Audrey Warner of Buffalo; nine grandchildren; 12 great-grandchildren.
Service was held Friday, November 23, 2001, at Raynes Funeral Home, Buffalo, with the Rev. Wayne Burch officiating. Burial was in Buffalo Memorial Park.
Vernon “Bruce” Perry Jr.
Vernon “Bruce” Perry Jr., 68, of Ona, WV, went to be with the Lord on Saturday, November 24, 2001. He was a retiree of Smith Transfer Trucking Company, a Korean war veteran of the United States Air Force and a member of Teamsters Local #505. Bruce loved bluegrass and enjoyed picking tunes with his friends of the WV Fiddlers Association. A loving and devoted father, he is survived by his daughters, Beth Perry of Ona and April R. Palmer of Barboursville, as well as their mother, Linda K. Perry of Huntington. He was born September 4, 1933, in Florida, a son of late Vernon Bruce Perry Sr. and Louise Perry Leggett. He was also preceded in death by one sister, Shirley Leggett, and one brother, Mickey Perry. Graveside service were conducted Tuesday, November 27, 2001 at Ridgelawn Memorial Park by the V.F.W. #9738, Huntington. Wallace Funeral Home & Chapel, Barboursville, was in charge of arrangements.
Reva Inez Riddle
Reva Inez Riddle, 94, of Culloden, W.Va., died Nov. 25, 2001, in Putnam General Hospital after a long illness. Reva was a homemaker and the oldest member of Sycamore Baptist Church. She was preceded in death by her husband, Fitzhugh, an infant son; a brother, Burman Ashworth, a sister, Goldie Johnson and a daughter-in-law, Hilda Riddle. Survivors include one son, Cebert of Point Pleasant, W.Va.; one daughter and son-in-law, Erma J. and Kelson Bays of Hurricane, W.Va.; eight grandchildren; 13 great-grandchildren, one step great-grandson and two great-great-granddaughters. The Rev. Dwane Poiter conducted the funeral Tuesday, Nov. 27, at Allen Funeral Home, Hurricane. Burial in Sycamore Cemetery.
Jessie Lee Crowe
Jessie Lee Crowe, 94, of Barboursville passed away Saturday, November 24, 2001, in St. Mary’s Hospital. Funeral services were conducted Tuesday, November 27, 2001, at the First United Methodist Church, Barboursville, by Rev. Monty Brown. Burial in Oaklawn Memorial Park She was born May 27, 1907, in Willshire, Ohio, a daughter of the late Jesse L and Nancy B. Crowe. She was a retired school teacher and a member of the First United Methodist Church, Barboursville. She received a bachelor’s degree in science from Morris Harvey College and a master’s degree in elementary education from Marshall College. She began teaching in Logan County, also taught in Cabell County, and taught her last 15 years at Marshall. She was active on reading committees at the state and county levels. She was appointed by the state superintendent of schools to assist in the revision of the primary grades reading manual. After retiring, she volunteered with the Cabell County Literacy Program. She was also a member of the State and Local Retired Association, American Association of University Women, Barboursville Women’s Club, Friends of the Library, Marshall Emeritus Group and Order of Easter Star #95 Barboursville, where she was past worthy matron. She was also preceded in death by two sisters and two brothers. She is survived by one sister, Victory Crowe of Huntington; one brother, Clement Crowe of Princeton; and a host of nieces, nephews and friends. Memorial contributions may be made to the First United Methodist Church.
Wilma R. Beam
Wilma R. Beam, 97, of Culloden, formerly of Huntington, died Tuesday, November 20, 2001, at her residence. Funeral services were conducted Monday, November 26, 2001, at Klingel-Carpenter Mortuary, by The Rev. Carol K. McKay. Interment
in Spring Hill Cemetery. She was born May 25, 1904, at White Oak, Ky., the daughter of the late Milton K. and Margaret Howard Reed. In addition to her parents, she was preceded in death by her husband, A. R. “Dick” Beam. She was a retired secretary from the Putnam Agency, IRS and Chubb and Son Insurance Agency. She was a member of Johnson Memorial United Methodist Church and the YWCA. Survivors include one son and daughter-in-law, Daniel R. and Ann Combs Beam of Alexandria, Va.; several nieces and nephews; her caregivers, Nola, Kathy and Kevin Templeton of Culloden, and her friends and neighbors. Expressions of sympathy may be made to the organization of one’s choice.
Carol L Hatfield
Carol L. Hatfield, 84, of Barboursville passed away November 24, 2001 at her residence. She was a wonderful mother and grandmother and will be greatly missed by her family. Pastor Monty Brown conducted funeral services Tuesday, November 27, 2001, at Wallace Funeral Home in Barboursville. Burial in Oaklawn Memorial Park. She was born March 5, 1917, in Mingo County, a daughter of the late George W. and Beulah Perdue Linthicum. A member of First United Methodist Church of Barboursville, she served many years as treasurer. She was also a charter member of Orchard Hills Golf Club, and she worked as office manager at Huntington Dry Goods, as co-owner of L & H Grill and as a cook at Barboursville High School. Her husband, H. Drury Hatfield, also preceded her in death. She is survived by two daughters and sons-in-law, Sandee and Paul Adams and Carey and Tom McGinnis, all of Barboursville; one brother, Perry G. Linthicum of Barboursville; five grandchildren, Cathy Daniel and husband Dorsey “Bud”, Paula Davis, Tracy and her husband Brent and Tommy and Mindy McGinnis; and six grandchildren, Summer Davis, Josh and Lindsay Daniel and Josh, Coty and Presley Blankenship. Memorial contributions may be made to First United Methodist Church, Box 293, Barboursville, WV 25504.
Roscoe Hesson
Roscoe Hesson, 84, of Huntington, beloved husband, father, grandfather, went to be with the Lord on Wednesday, November 21, 2001, at St. Mary’s Hospital. Roscoe was married to Sophia Lee Adkins Hesson on November 22, 1957, and they would have celebrated their 44th anniversary on Thanksgiving. He was born Dec. 20, 1916, in Cabell county, a son of the late Joseph H. and Cora Brannan Hesson. In addition to his parents, he was preceded in death by five brothers, two sisters, two grandchildren and one daughter Cora Bell Carter. He was a faithful member of his church, Altizer Freewill Baptist Church, where he loved to sing in the choir. He was a retired employee of Commercial Motor Freight, and was a member of the Teamsters Union #505. Survivors, include one son and daughter-in-law, Russell E. and Esther Hesson of Lesage; one daughter, Garnet Aldine Hesson Oldaker of Lesage; one stepdaughter and son-in-law, Teaven Lee and Earl Dennison of Chesapeake, Ohio; one brother, James Hesson of Barboursville; 10 grandchildren several great-grandchildren, nieces, nephews and a host of friends. Funeral services were held Saturday, November 24, 2001, at Henson Mortuary, by Pastors Fred Ramey and Caudle Adkins. Burial in Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Huntington. Pallbearers were Eddie Dennison, Matthew Dennison, Lonnie Sawyers, Billy Sawyers, Don McComas, Francis Oliver. Honorary pallbearer was Eddie Dennison Jr.
Vivian M. Peyton
Vivian M. Peyton, 71, of Milton, went home to be with the Lord Thursday, November 22, 2001, in St. Mary’s Hospital. Funeral services were held Sunday, November 25, 2001, at Heck Funeral Home, with the Rev. Forrest Cummings officiating. Burial in Templeton Cemetery, Milton. She was the daughter of the late Carter Joseph and Rosamond Edmonds Smith. She was a former elevator operator for the Chafin Building, a member of Bias Chapel and also the Order of the Eastern Star, Chapter 149, Milton. She is survived by her loving husband, Charles Peyton; two sons, Danny Peyton and Doug Peyton, both of Milton; four brothers, Carter Smith Jr. of Milton, Roy Smith of Proctorville, Ohio, Gary Smith of Lucoma, N.C., and Don Smith of Milton; three sisters, Alma Chapman of Milton, Velma Auffant of Sarasota, Fla., and Mary Hurt of Punta Gorda, Fla.; six grandchildren, Wayne, Tusha, Greg, Tyler, Kaytlin and Kacey Peyton, all of Milton; one great-granddaughter, Hayleigh Peyton of Milton. An Eastern Star service was held Saturday during the visitation.
Roscoe Hesson
Roscoe Hesson, 84, of Huntington, husband of Sophia Lee Adkins Hesson of 44 years, died Wednesday, November 21, 2001 in St. Mary’s Hospital. He was born Dec. 20, 1916, in Cabell County. He was preceded in death by parents Joseph H. and Cora Brannan Hesson and five brothers, two sisters and two grandchildren. He was a Commercial Motor Freight Driver and was active in the choir at Altizer Freewill Baptist Church and a member of the Teamsters Union 505. Also surviving are one son, Russell Hesson of Lesage and wife Esther Hesson; one daughter, Garnet Aldine Hesson Oldaker of Lesage; one stepdaughter, Teaven Dennison of Chesapeake, Ohio and husband Earl Dennison; one brother James Hesson of Barboursville; 10 grandchildren; several great-grandchildren, nieces, nephews and a host of friends. Funeral services were held Saturday, November 24, 2001 at Henson Mortuary, Barboursville; burial in Forest Lawn Memorial Park Huntington. Rev. Fred Ramey and Rev. Caudle Adkins were officiating clergy.
William Roger Rucker
William Roger Rucker, 56, of Charlotte, N.C., died Tuesday, November 20, 2001, at the Mercy South Hospital, Charlotte. Funeral services were conducted Saturday, November 24, 2001, at Barboursville Baptist Church by the Rev. Mike Derry. Burial in Woodmere Memorial Park, Huntington. He was born March 31, 1945, in Cabell County, a son of William and Beatrice Bledsoe Rucker of Barboursville. He was an employee of ENCOMPASS of Charlotte, formerly Watson Electrical Construction. He was a veteran of the Vietnam War and served in the Seabees of the U.S. Navy, and was a member of the Barboursville Baptist Church. He was preceded in death by one brother, Jerry Rucker. In addition to his parents, he is survived by his wife, Brenda J. Vipperman Rucker; two sons and daughters-in-law, William Todd and Tammy Rucker of Matthews, N.C., Shawn and Angie Rucker of Barboursville; three granddaughters, Kayla, Hannah and Madeline Rucker; two sisters and brothers-in-law, Patricia and L.D. Baumgardner of Monroe, N.C, and Barbara and Tom Wells of Barboursville; a host of family and friends. Pallbearers were Robin Reed, Ronnie Reid, Wilbur Matthews, Earl Spencer, Ron Vipperman, Bill Vipperman, L.D. Baumgardner and Tom Wells. Wallace Funeral Home & Chapel, Barboursville, was in charge of arrangements. Military graveside services were conducted by the V.F.W. No. 9738, Huntington.
Ruth Gail Chapman Kingery
Ruth Gail Chapman Kingery, 76, of Milton, went home to be with the Lord on Monday, November 19, 2001, in Heritage Center, Huntington. Funeral services were conducted Saturday, November 24, 2001, at Heck Funeral Home, Milton, with Pastor Paul Meadows officiating. Burial in Forest Memorial Park, Milton. She was born May 11, 1925, in Cabell County, W.Va., a daughter of the late Allie and Cassie Horn Chapman. She was also preceded in death by her husband, Carney W. Kingery; two grandchildren, Tammy Breshears and Chad Kingery; four sisters and one brother. She is survived by one son and daughter-in-law, Roger and Becky Kingery of Williamstown, W.Va.; one daughter and son-in-law, Connie and Claude Graves of Tulsa, Okla.; two brothers and sisters-in-law, T.A. and Irene Chapman and Junior and Vivian Chapman, all of Milton; two grandchildren, Lance Moon and Tracey Kingery; and one great-grandson, Benjamin Breshears.
Loretta M. Weekley
Loretta M. Weekley, 72, of Ona, WV, went home to be with her Lord and Savior, Tuesday, November 20, 2001. Funeral services were conducted Saturday, November 24, 2001, at the Wallace Funeral Home and Chapel by Dr. Stan Maynard, pastor of The Church in the Valley, of which she was a charter member. Burial in Forest Memorial Park. She was born May 13, 1929, in Cabell County, a daughter of the late Lowrey and Sylvia Ruley Gothard. She was also preceded in death by her husband, Joseph C. Weekley Jr., and one stepson, Daniel Weekley. She is survived by four children, Marsha Keyser of Salt Rock, Janice Sisk of Jacksonville, N.C, Shawn Weekley of Huntington and Michelle Spurlock of Ona; one brother, David Gothard of Johnson City, Tenn.; five grandchildren including MaMaw’s little pumpkin, Kenna Faith Spurlock; three great-grandchildren; and two stepchildren, Joe Weekley III and Becky Boese.
Paul Wesley Ambrose, M.D.
December 26, 1968 - September 11, 2001
Paul Wesley Ambrose was born on December 26, 1968, the beloved son of Dr. Kenneth Paul and Sharon Norwood Ambrose of Huntington, WV. He graduated from Barboursville High School and Marshall University. In addition to his parents, he is survived by his fiancee, Bianca Angelino of Washington, D.C.; his grandmother, Mrs. Dorothy M. Norwood of Huntington; and nieces Alexandria Kyle Ambrose and Britany Miller, along with many other relatives and a host of beloved friends and colleagues. He was preceded in death by a brother, Kenneth Scott Ambrose (1998). To honor his life, the Dr. Paul W. Ambrose Memorial Scholarship has been established at the Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine. Please address any memorial gift to Linda Holmes, Director of Development, Marshall University JCESM, 100 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701. Funeral services were held Saturday, November 24, 2001 at First United Methodist Church, Huntington, by Dr. Gary Patton. Burial in Spring Hill Cemetery Huntington.
Ella Reynolds
Ella Reynolds, 101, of Titusville, Fla., formerly of Barboursville, passed away Friday, November 16, 2001, in Titusville. Funeral services were conducted Wednesday, November 21, 2001, at the Wallace Funeral Home and Chapel, Barboursville, by the Rev. Ralph Sager. Burial in Woodmere Memorial Park, Huntington. She was born March 1, 1900, in Barboursville, a daughter of the late Thomas Jefferson and Nancy Patterson Bates. She was a member of Steele Memorial United Methodist Church and was preceded in death by her husband, C. Wade Reynolds. She is survived by two daughters, Virginia Marie Cannon of Titusville, Fla., and Helen Bias of Marco Island, Fla; two grandchildren, Linda Wolfe and her husband, Gary of Barboursville and George Donall of Titusville; great-grandchildren Steve Harrah and his wife Cathy of Norfolk Va., Penny Lee Wolfe of Chicago, Ill., George Raymond Donall of Titusville, Fla.; two great-great-grandchildren, Christopher and Caitlin Harrah Memorial contributions may be made to the Steele Memorial United Methodist Church.
Evelyn Louise Clagg
Evelyn Louise Clagg, 63, of Milton, passed away Saturday, November 17, 2001, in St. Mary’s Hospital. Funeral services were conducted Wednesday, November 21, 2001, at Heck Funeral Home, Milton, with the Rev. Chelcie Gibson officiating. Burial in Toney Hill Cemetery, Milton. Louise, daughter of the late Ernie C. and Nora Toney Clagg, was born December 16, 1937, in Milton, W.Va. She was a glass inspector for Sloan Glass, Culloden. She was also preceded m death by a special cousin, Milford Clagg, and is survived by Milford’s wife, Edith. She is also survived by three special cousins and their spouses, Cecil and Opal Clagg Lewis of Milton, Oval and Suzanne Clagg of Culloden and Delbert and Sharon Clagg of Milton..
Lillian Mae Haynes
Lillian Mae Haynes, 75, of Huntington, wife of Emmette Haynes died Sunday, November 18, 2201 at home. She retired from Kerr Glas Co. Also surviving are five sons, Darrell Black of Ona, Vernon Black of Lavalette and Emmerson Haynes of Huntington; three brothers, Mervin Black of Long Branch, Tommy Black of Huntington and Ronnie Black of Barboursville; and one sister, Dimmie Adkins of Altizer. Funeral services were held Wednesday, November 21, 2001 at Heck Funeral Home, Milton; burial in Bias Chapel cemetery.
Estel J. “Mack” McCoY, Sr.
Estel J. “Mack” McCoy, Sr., 89, of Salt Rock, passed away Thursday, November 15, 2001 in the V.A. Medical Center, Huntington. Funeral services were conducted Tuesday, November 20, 2001 at Heck Funeral Home, Milton. Burial in Forest Memorial Park, Milton. “Mack” was born October 7, 1912 in Ashland, KY a son of the late Jess and Carie Click McCoy. He was owner and operator of E & S Trucking and leased to L.J. Navy Trucking. He was a veteran of World War II. He is survived by his loving wife, Sarah Williamson McCoy; three sons, Estel J. and Vicki McCoy, Jr. of Indianapolis, Indiana, Delbert Ray McCoy of Salt Rock, and Orville and Dannetta McCoy of Ona; three daughters, Althea Irene McCoy of Salt Rock, Dorothy Jane and Raymond Collins of North Port, Florida, Mary Ruth Gills of Lexington, KY.