Virginia, U.S., Marriage Records, 1936-2014
HURLEY, Va. -- Edward May, 80, died Saturday, Nov. 20, 1999, at his home. He was a lifelong resident of Buchanan County and a son of the late Joseph H. and Ella Hurley May. He was a charter member of Kelsa Freewill Baptist Church, which he helped to build in 1951, a retired coal miner and was self-employed for several years. He was the widower of Hazel M. Dotson May. Surviving are a daughter, Joann Hess of Hurley; a sister, Ruby Steele of Richmond; four brothers, Robert May, Melvin May and Billy Joe May, all of Hurley, and Billy Coleman of Bland, Va.; four grandchildren; and four great-grandchildren. Funeral services will be conducted Tuesday at 11 a.m. in Kelsa Freewill Baptist Church in Kelsa, Va., by Grundy Funeral Home. The Rev. Britt Jackson will officiate. Burial will be in Mountain Valley Memorial Park in Big Rock, Va., with full military rites by members of John Ratliff Post 164 of the American Legion. Mr. May was also preceded in death by a son, Fairly Q. May; a sister, Jewell Coleman; and two brothers, Landon and Earl May. Among survivors are a son-in-law, Jerry Hess of Hurley; grandchildren, Diana Dotson, Vickie Justus and Jill Lester, all of Hurley and Lisa Hess of Burlington, N.C.; and great-grandchildren, Brandon Tester, Amber Dotson, Tiffany Justus and Jeffery Wolford. Pallbearers will be Christopher Justus, Cline Dale Estep, Terry Dotson, Danny Jackson, Bobby Hurley and Kenny Jackson. Honorary pallbearers will be Earl Tester, Randall Hurley, Ervin Hurley and Berlin Wolford. Friends may call at 5 p.m. Monday at the church. Grundy Funeral Home is in charge of arrangements.
JEWELL RIDGE, Va. -- Lona Underwood Vandyke, 64, died Friday, Nov. 19, 1999, in Tazewell Community Hospital in Tazewell, Va. She was a lifelong resident of Buchanan County and a daughter of the late William and Laura Day Underwood. She was a member of Jesus Only Church and a homemaker. She was the widow of Patton Dillard Vandyke. Surviving are four daughters, Mona Kay Duncan of Bluefield, Va., Florence Vandyke of Lenore, N.C., Michelle Lynn Vandyke of Grundy and Regina Ann Louthan of Indiana; two sons, Leslie Keith Vandyke of Jewell Ridge and Jackie Lee Vandyke of Bradshaw, W.Va.; three sisters, Rosie Reed of Oregon, Belvie Deskins of Atwell, W.Va., and Nancy Sparks of California; a brother, Johnny Underwood of Jewell Ridge; 16 grandchildren; and six great-grandchildren. Funeral services will be conducted Tuesday at 1 p.m. in Grundy Funeral Home Chapel. The Rev. Joe Gross will officiate. Burial will be in Esaw Rife Cemetery in Keen Mountain, Va. Mrs. Vandyke, a devoted wife, loving mother and grandmother, was also preceded in death by two grandchildren, and nine brothers and sisters. Pallbearers will be family and friends. There will be a service at 7 p.m. Monday in Grundy Funeral Home Chapel.
Mr. Martin Eugene "Whitie" Driver, 72, of Raven, Va., died Tuesday, Nov. 28, 2000, in a Kingsport, Tenn., hospital following a brief illness. He was born in Buchanan County, Va., and was a son of Mrs. Mattie Puckett Driver Cordle of Doran, Va., and the late Mr. Thomas Martin Driver. He had made his home in the Raven area the past 23 years, was a disabled U.S. Air Force veteran and was a member of the Richlands Loyal Order of Moose. In addition to his father, he was preceded in death by his stepfather, Charlie Cordle; one sister, Helen Lambert; and one brother, Russell Cordle. Survivors in addition to his mother are: his wife: Mrs. Jearl Vance Driver; two daughters: Mrs. Ricky (Rhonda) Brown of Richlands, Va., and Miss Sherry Mosley of Raven; two sisters: Mrs. Betty Davis of Doran and Mrs. Shelia French of Lockport, N.Y.; three brothers: Mr. William Cordle of Tanawanda, N.Y., Mr. Bobby Cordle of Glade Spring, Va., and Mr. Jackie Cordle of Doran; three grandchildren: Brandon Mosley, Tracie Brown and Mercedes Brown. Funeral services will be conducted Thursday at 11 a.m. at the Hurst-Scott Funeral Chapel in Richlands with Rev. Porter Cordle and Rev. Rick Whitt officiating. Interment will follow in Greenhills Memory Gardens at Claypool Hill, Va. Pallbearers will be: Brandon Mosley, Darrell Hess, Robert Salyers, Jeff Cordle, Bobby Davis and James Cline. Members of the Casey-Shortt VFW Post No. 9640 of Richlands and the Disabled American Veteran Tazewell County Chapter 31 will conduct military graveside rites. Friends may call at the Hurst-Scott Funeral Home in Richlands after 6 p.m. Wednesday. Hurst-Scott Funeral Home in Richlands is in charge of arrangements.
Lillian Ruth Wallace Altizer, 52 years of age, of the Home Creek section of Grundy, Va., passed away Tuesday, Nov. 28, 2000, in the Johnson City Medical Center from a long illness. Born in Buchanan County on July 5, 1948, she was the daughter of Alta Smith Wallace of Grundy, Va., and the late Robert Wallace. She was a member of the Harman Memorial Baptist Church and a member of the Eastern Star at Freeburn, Ky. She was formerly employed as a secretary for Harman Mining Corp. She was a loving mother and enjoyed making crafts. She was preceded in death by two brothers: Steve Wallace and Ralph Wallace. In addition to her mother, she is survived by her husband: Leon Altizer of Grundy, Va.; two sons: Lee David Altizer of Abingdon, Va., and William (Bill) Jerome Altizer of Grundy, Va.; and two daughters; Tina Marie Lyons of Orange Park, Fla., and Tressa Leona Linton of Middlesburg, Fla. She was also survived by six grandchildren. Funeral services will be conducted Friday, Dec. 1, 2000, at 11 a.m. at the Shortridge-Ramey Funeral Home Chapel with Rev. Willard Owens and Bill Nelson officiating. Burial will follow in the Mountain Valley Memorial Park, Big Rock, Va. Active pallbearers will be: Delmer Hall, Tommy Hall, Kenneth Hall, Donnie Hall, Gary Coleman and David Clevinger. Honorary pallbearers will be: Ronald Coleman, David Scammell, Roger Vandyke and the elders and deacons of the Harman Memorial Baptist Church. The family of Lillian Ruth Wallace Altizer is being served by the Shortridge-Ramey Funeral Home of Grundy, Va.
Marie Magdalene Deel Church, 54 years of age, of Maxie, Va., passed away Wednesday, Nov. 29, 2000, at Columbia Clinch Valley Medical Center along with her husband, Thomas Ray Church, from injuries sustained in an automobile accident on Route \460 near Cedar Bluff, Va. Born in Buchanan County, she was a daughter of the late Fred and Ethel Blankenship Deel. She was a life-long resident of Buchanan County, a member of the Old Regular Baptist Church. She was a graduate of Grundy Senior High School Class of 1964 and attended Southwest Virginia Community College. She was a devoted wife, loving mother, grandmother and was a homemaker. Mrs. Church is survived by 1 daughter: Lisa Marie Church, Maxie, Va.; 1 son: Thomas Jason Church, Maxie, Va.; 2 sisters: Mrs. Ival Lockhart, Harman, Va., and Mrs. Beulah Hibbitts, Manassas, Va.; 3 brothers: Raymond Deel, Harman, Va., Johnny Deel, Harman, Va., and Frankie Deel, Harman, Va.; and 1 grandson: Andrew Kelly Craft, Maxie,, Va. She was preceded in death by her first husband, Steven R. Griffith; and 1 sister, Verlene Deel. Funeral services will be conducted Saturday, Dec. 2, 2000, at 1 p.m. at Bethlehem Old Regular Baptist Church \1, on Poplar Creek, Route \2, Grundy, Va., with Elders Billy Campbell, Jim Blankenship, Toby Bailey and Arnold Bailey officiating with burial to follow in Mountain Valley Memorial Park, Big Rock, Va. Active pallbearers will be family and friends. Honorary pallbearers will be: Frank OQuinn, Mattie Mullins, Dorothy Whited, Grover Dales, Tonnie Dales, aunts and uncles. There will be a service at the church Friday evening at 7 p.m. Grundy Funeral Home of Grundy is in charge of all arrangements.
Thomas Ray Church, 54 years of age, of Maxie, Va., passed away Wednesday, Nov. 29, 2000, at Columbia Clinch Valley Medical Center along with his wife, Marie Magdalene Deel Church, from injuries sustained in an automobile accident on Route \460 near Cedar Bluff, Va. Born in Buchanan County, he was a son of the late Johnny T. and Lydia Ann Raines Church. He was a life-long resident of Buchanan County, a member of the Old Regular Baptist Church and an ordained minister. He was a retired employee of Harman Mining Company and a member of United Mine Workers of America Local Union No. 7025. Mr. Church is survived by: 2 daughters: Lisa Marie Church, Maxie, Va., and Henrietta Susan Skeens, Abingdon, Va.; 1 son: Thomas Jason Church, Maxie, Va.; 5 sisters: Dana Rose Swicker, Laurel, Md., Juanita Smith, Pell City, Ala., Mary Jo Hamrick, Pell City, Ala., Pearl Williams, Birmingham, Ala., and Betty Wilson, Centerville, Ala.; 5 brothers: Dexter Church, Green Cove Springs, Fla., John P. Church, Sandy Hook, Ky., David C. Church, Pell City, Ala., Phillip Church, Haysi, Va., and Bill L. Church, Pell City, Ala.; and 1 grandson: Andrew Kelly Craft. He was preceded in death by his first wife: Phyllis Johnson Church. Funeral services will be conducted Saturday, Dec. 2, 2000, at 1 p.m. at the Bethlehem Old Regular Baptist Church \1, on Poplar Creek, Route \2, Grundy, Va., with Elders Billy Campbell, Jim Blankenship, Toby Bailey and Arnold Bailey officiating with burial to follow in Mountain Valley Memorial Park, Big Rock, Va. Active pallbearers will be: family and friends. Honorary pallbearers will be: Frank OQuinn, Mattie Mullins, Dorothy Whited, Grover Dales, Tonnie Dales, aunts and uncles. There will be a service at the church Friday evening at 7 p.m. Grundy Funeral Home of Grundy is in charge of all arrangements.
Lloyd Allen Lockhart, 44, of Davenport, Va., passed away Tuesday (Nov. 28, 2000) in a Bristol Tennessee hospital. Born on Oct. 16, 1956, in Buchanan County, Va., he was a son of Mrs. Elene Ray Phillips of Honaker and the late Burt Lockhart. He was a lifelong resident of Buchanan County, Va., and was a disabled equipment operator. In addition to his mother, he is survived by two sisters, Violet Presley of Lebanon, Va., and Gaynelle Wilson of Council, Va.; his stepfather, Ralph Phillips of Honaker; one half-sister, Brenda Phillips of Abingdon, Va.; two brothers, Bradley Lockhart of Rosedale, Va., and Lonnie Lockhart of Grundy, Va.; two stepbrothers, Ralph Phillips of Bristol Virginia, and Tim Phillips of Honaker, Va.; and his aunt, Euna Lockhart of Davenport, Va. Funeral services will be conducted at 1 p.m. Saturday in the Swamp Church on Hurricane Creek at Davenport, Va., with Rev. Andy Presley, Rev. Hershel Helton and Rev. Benny Ratliff officiating. Interment will follow in the Lockhart Family Cemetery on Hurricane Creek. Pallbearers will be Earl Barton, Brian Owens, Mike Breeding, Roger Hale, Benny Ratliff, Bill Keen and Jeffrey Ray. Friends may call at the Swamp Church after 6 p.m. Friday. Honaker Funeral Home of Honaker, Va., is in charge of arrangements.
OTTO B. ELSWICK, 76, of Grundy, Virginia, died Friday, April 4, 1997, in Valley Health Care Center, Chilhowie. He was a native of Buchanan County and a former resident of Valley Rest Home, Meadowview. Survivors include three sisters, Dorcel Propst, Yorktown, Va., Emma Falke, Newport News, Va., and Melba Looney, Harlingen, Texas.
CARL EDWARD JUSTUS, 74, of the Brushy Fork area, Hurley, Virginia, died Saturday, April 5, 1997. He was a native and had lived all his life in Buchanan County. He was a member of the Freewill Baptist Church and was a retired coal miner. Survivors include his wife, Mrs. Emma Faye Griffey Justus; two daughters, Joan Stacy, Galax, and Nell Hardin, Grundy; two sons, Jessie Justus and Howard Justus, both of Grundy; one sister, Bessie Rife, Hurley; 15 grandchildren; and 17 great-grandchildren.
BEATRICE ANDERS, 72, of the Middle Creek section of Cedar Bluff, Virginia, died Saturday, April 5, 1997, in a Richlands, Va., hospital. She was a native of Buchanan County. Survivors include her husband, Kyle Anders; one daughter, Linda Maggard, Cedar Bluff; one foster son, Terry Clifton, St. Paul; two sisters, Mrs. Gaynell Byrd, Jacksonville, Fla., and Mrs. Josephine Smeltzer, Summerfield, Fla.; one brother, Dallas Short, Raven; three grandchildren; and several nieces and nephews.
BEATRICE COLEMAN OWENS, 67, of Grundy, Virginia, died Saturday, April 5, 1997, in Holston Valley Medical Center, Kingsport. She was a lifelong resident of Buchanan County. She was a member of Grundy Church of Christ and a homemaker. She was the widow of Burton Osborne Owens. Survivors include one daughter Mrs. Darlene Mullins, Grundy; four sons, Burton Eugene Owens, Grundy, Jerry Owens, Berwick, Pa., Tommy Owens, Virginia Beach, Va., and Melvin Owens, Newbergh, N.Y.; four sisters, Mae Shortridge and Lucy Looney, both of Lebanon, Gladys Blankenship, Vansant, and Sadie Peters, Defiance, Ohio; three brothers, Howard Coleman, Defiance, Ohio, Alvie Coleman, Vansant, and Herman Coleman, Bellevue, Neb.; and four grandchildren.
LEONA LYNN RICE, 16, of Maxie, Virginia, died Saturday, April 5, 1997, from injuries sustained in an automobile accident. She was a lifelong resident of Buchanan County and the daughter of Johnny W. and Rita Sue Pace Rice, Maxie. She was a member of Harman Memorial Baptist Church and an eleventh-grade student at Grundy Senior High School. Survivors, in addition to her parents, include one sister, Beverly Ann Rice, Maxie; and her paternal grandmother, Mrs. Van Rice, Breaks, Va.
VERNON TESTER, 72, of Hurley, Virginia, died Sunday, April 6, 1997. He was a lifelong resident of Buchanan County and a disabled coal miner. Survivors include his wife, Ethel Helton Tester; three daughters, Cathy St. Clair, Grundy, and Janice Shortridge and Angie Tester, both of Hurley; one son, Mike Tester, Big Rock; one brother, Wayne Tester, Hurley; nine grandchildren; and eight great-grandchildren.
PATRICA ANN DEEL COMPTON, 43, of the Leemaster area, Vansant, Virginia, died Tuesday, April 8, 1997. She was a native of Buchanan County and had lived there for several years. She was a member of Big Prater Baptist Church and a graduate of Haysi High School Class of 1971 and a graduate of Medical Secretaries School. She was a former employee of Grundy Hospital and Dr. Robert F. Baxter's office. She and her husband were owners and operators of Bryan's Stop and Shop General Store on Slate Creek, Grundy, and she was also a homemaker. Survivors include her husband, Tony Compton, Vansant; one son, Anthony Bryan Compton, Blacksburg, Va.; her parents, Joseph F. and Minnie A. Deel, Birchleaf, Va.; two sisters, Joan Coleman and Marcella O'Quinn, both of Birchleaf; three brothers, Jim Deel and Gallie Deel, both of Birchleaf, and Ronnie Deel, Bristol Tennessee; five nieces; two nephews and two great nieces.
TROY H. STILTNER, 63, of 31514 Old Stage Road, Glade Springs, Virginia, died Thursday, April 10, 1997, in Johnston Memorial Hospital. He was a native of Grundy, a retired coal miner and a member of Holston Valley Bible Church. Survivors include his wife, Mrs. Goldie McClanahan Stiltner; five daughters, Sandy Merritt, Karen Stiltner, Shelly Stiltner and Traci Caudill, all of Bristol Tennessee, and Donna Collins, Bristol Virginia; one son, Randall Stiltner, Bristol Tennessee; one sister, Maxine Farmer, Grundy; four brothers, Harold Stiltner, Abingdon, Eugene Stiltner and Sidney Stiltner, both of Grundy, and Fletcher Stiltner, Glade Spring; and seven grandchildren.
Mrs. PEARL COOK, 82, of the Big A Mountain section of Honaker, Virginia, passed away Friday morning, April 11, 1997, in Lebanon, Va. Born March 21, 1915, in Buchanan County, Va., she was a daughter of the late Marion and Maudie Fletcher Lambert. She had resided in Honaker for the past 50 years and was a member of the Free Christian Church on Big A Mountain. She was preceded in death by her husband, Arthur B. Cook in 1992; one son, Eugene Cook; one brother, Clyde Lambert; one sister, Ruth Coleman, and one great-grandson, Brandon Cook. Survivors include: four sons, Rev. Estel Cook of Elkton, Md., Rev. Willard Cook and Harold Cook, both of Honaker, and Roger Cook of Las Vegas, Nev.; three sisters, Helen Boyd of Honaker, Blanche Ratliff of Davenport and Bonnie Lambert of Fletcher Ridge; five brothers, Elmer Lambert of Fredericksburg, Va., Bill Lambert, Wayne Lambert and George Lambert, all of Fletcher Ridge, and Clinton Lambert of Rosedale; 18 grandchildren, five step grandchildren, several great-grandchildren and one great-great-granddaughter. Burial will be in the Cook Cemetery on Sandy Ridge, Route 2, Cleveland, Va.
ESTEL OWENS, 71, of Hazel Park, Michigan, died Wednesday, April 9, 1997, at his home, following a lengthy illness. A native of Buchanan County, Va., he was a son of the late James A. and Elizabeth Sutherland Owens. He was an elder of the Primitive Baptist Church, retired from Ford Motor Company and was a veteran of World War II serving in the U.S. Navy. He was preceded in death by two daughters, Ellene Gail and Lillie Elizabeth; one son, Richard Keith Owens; four brothers, Luther, Stanford, Earl, and his twin brother, Ersel; four sisters, Ella, Arminda, Jewel, and Winnie Owens, and two grandchildren. Survivors: wife, Flossie Edwards Owens of Hazel Park; daughters, Diann Justice of Swords Creek, Va., Kay Plackard of Hazel Park and Brenda Davis of Warren, Mich.; sons, Joe Owens of Warren and Tim Owens of Hazel Park; sister, Molly Owens of Douglasville, Ga.; brother, Toy Owens of Birchleaf, Va.; nine grandchildren, one adopted grandchild and three great-grandchildren. Burial will be in the Edwards Cemetery near Birchleaf, Virginia.
HONAKER -- Clayton Charles McGlothlin, 92, of the Big A Mountain section, died Tuesday, May 2, 2000, in Russell County Medical Center in Lebanon. He was born in Buchanan County, Va., a son of the late William and Minnie Wilson McGlothlin. A farmer, Mr. McGlothlin lived in Russell County most of his life. Surviving are his wife, Edith Mae McGlothlin; two daughters, Linda Gay Couch of Lebanon and Brenda Fay Lambert of Honaker; two sons, Harry C. McGlothlin and Jimmy C. McGlothlin, both of Honaker; a brother, Clarence McGlothlin of Honaker, 10 grandchildren; and 12 great-grandchildren. Funeral services will be conducted Thursday at 2 p.m. in Honaker Funeral Home Chapel. The Rev. Clyde Lambert will officiate. Burial will be in McGlothlin Family Cemetery on Big A Mountain near the home. Mr. McGlothlin was also preceded in death by four sisters, Jean Lois McGlothlin, Effie Dye, Beatrice Barnhart and Audrey Price; a brother, Claude McGlothlin; and a granddaughter, Deborah Ann Ball. Pallbearers will be grandsons. Honorary pallbearer will be Lee Yates. Friends may call after 6 p.m. Wednesday in Honaker Funeral Home.
LEBANON -- Pearl Massie Barton, 88, died Thursday, May 4, 2000, in Lebanon. She was born in Buchanan County, Va., a daughter of the late Russell and Maudie Street Massie. She had resided in Lebanon for the past 15 years. She was a member of Crabtree Chapel Missionary Baptist Church and the widow of George F. Barton. Surviving are eight daughters, Alma Crabtree of Bee, Va., Virgie Rasnake and Wilma Puckett, both of Lebanon, Katherine Rasnake and Jewel Ramey, both of Abingdon, Retha Combs of Honaker, Louise Rasnake of Hazel Park, Mich., and Arlene Compton of Bluefield, Va.; four sons, Thurman Barton of Cleveland, Va., McKinley Barton of Bee and Ernie Barton and Roger Barton, both of Lebanon; three sisters, Cynthia Rasnake of Cleveland, Va., Mae Bottom of Danville, Ky., and Bertha Helton of Crab Orchard, Ky.; 44 grandchildren; 86 great-grandchildren; and eight great-great-grandchildren. Funeral services will be conducted Saturday at 2 p.m. in Honaker Funeral Home Chapel. The Revs. Darrell Fletcher, Grady McGlothlin and Roy Lee Wilson will officiate. Burial will be in Russell Memorial Cemetery in Lebanon. Mrs. Barton was also preceded in death by an infant son; two grandsons; a granddaughter; a great-grandson; five brothers; and two sisters. Pallbearers will be grandsons. Friends may call after 6 p.m. Friday in Honaker Funeral Home.
BIG ROCK, Va. -- J.D. Varney, 63, died Friday, May 5, 2000, in Buchanan General Hospital. He was born in Buchanan County, a son of the late Henry and Nancy Adkins Varney. He was a mechanic. Surviving are his wife, Jean Ellen Nickles Stiltner Varney of Big Rock; four sons, Terry Varney, J.D. Varney Jr., Johnny Varney and Danny Varney, all of Big Rock; four stepchildren, Lisa Stiltner of Hurley, Va., Anthony "Tony" Stiltner of Grundy and Robbie Stiltner and Brian Stiltner, both of Big Rock; a sister, Margie Hammons of Bristol Tennessee; two brothers, Donnie Varney of Ackworth, Ga., and Elmer Varney of Kingsport; and four step-grandchildren. Funeral services will be conducted Monday at 11 a.m. in the Deliverance Tabernacle in Patterson, Va. by Grundy Funeral Home. The Revs. Dewey Ward and Mike Rife will officiate. Burial will be in Matney Cemetery in Patterson. Mr. Varney was also preceded in death by a brother, England "E.E." Varney. Pallbearers will be Greg Jackson, Chris Stiltner, Gordon Stanley, Michael Stiltner, Amos Nickles, Todd Rife, Eddie Davis, Carter Varney and Chris Nickles. Friends may call at the church after 5 p.m. Saturday, where services will be held Saturday and Sunday at 7 p.m. Grundy Funeral Home is in charge of arrangements.
DESKINS, Va. -- Ralph Hurley, 70, died Friday, May 5, 2000, at home. He was born in Buchanan County, a son of the late Flim and Mary Endicott Hurley. He was a member of Vansant Church of Christ. He was a retired lumber mill worker. Surviving are his wife of 49 years, June West Hurley; a daughter, Betty Stacy of Vansant, Va.; a son, Ralph S. Hurley of Talbott, Tenn; two grandchildren, and several nieces and nephews. Funeral services will be conducted Monday at 2 p.m. in Buchanan Funeral Service Chapel in Keen Mountain, Va. The Revs. Mike Rife and Michael Trent will officiate. Burial will be in Greenhills Memory Gardens in Clayool Hill, Va. Mr. Hurley was also preceded in death by five brothers, Amos Hurley, Lee Hurley, Roland Hurley, John D. Hurley and Paul Hurley; and two sisters, Joy Blankenship and Pauline Blankenship Collins. Among survivors are son-in-law Curtis Stacy of Vansant; and daughter-in-law Cindy Hurley of Talbott. Pallbearers will be Louis Holland, Tom Pruitt, James Shortridge, Allen Smith, Kelly Church, Arthur Wood and Scott Justus. Honorary pallbearers will be Paul Dull, Gene Cecil, David Cecil, F.D. Robertson, Russell Charles, Henry Deel, James Mounts, George Crigger and Doug Matney. The family will receive friends from 6 to 9 p.m. Sunday in the funeral home, where a song service will be held at 7 p.m. Buchanan Funeral Service is in charge of arrangements.
