Clarence D. Tasker
Clarence Darrow Tasker, 84, of Pleasant Valley, died Sunday, May 2, 1999, at Fairmont General Hospital. He was born May 22, 1914, at Kitzmiller, Md., son of the late Justice Laco Tasker and Bessie Florence Bray Tasker Ashby. He worked as a machinist at Rivesville Power Plant for more than 25 years, retiring in 1976. Then he and his wife enjoyed their travel trailer and spent 17 winters in Florida. He had been a pilot and was a member of Fairmont Flying Club. He was a mechanic and spent his time working on motors. Among his hobbies were hunting and fishing. He most enjoyed visiting with his neighbors in Pleasant Valley. He is survived by his wife of 63 years, Mary Catherine Schmidt Tasker, whom he married April 12, 1936; a daughter, Ruby Kay Hullum, of Grove Town, Ga.; three grandchildren and spouses, Michael Wayne and Billie Hullum, Julie Kay Hullum, and Mark Allen and Martha Hullum; two great-grandchildren, Michael Ray Hullum and Mallorie Kay Hullum, all of the Augusta, Ga., area; a brother and spouse, Ward and Nellie Ashby, of Oakland, Md.; a nephew, David Ashby, of Hazleton, Pa.; and a niece, Beth Riggs, of Centerv ille, Ohio. He was also preceded in death by his stepfather, Ernest Ashby. Friends may call at Carpenter & Ford Funeral Home, 209 Merchant St., Fairmont, from 2-4 and 7-9 p.m. Wednesday, and from 11 a.m. Thursday, May 6, until 1 p.m. service with the Rev. James Norton officiating, assisted by the Revs. Elizabeth Smith and Lehman Channel. Burial will be in Deer Park (Md.) Cemetery, with graveside services at 4 p.m.

Joseph E. Durrett Sr.
Joseph E. Durrett Sr., 69, of Route 1, Belington, formerly of Grafton, died Monday, May 3, 1999, at the home of his sister, Avonelle McCauley. He was born Aug. 3, 1929, in Belington, son of the late Cecil and Lovenia Durrett. He was the former owner of Joe's Dunlop Tire Co., Grafton, and was a construction worker. He was a U.S. Army veteran and member of VFW Memorial City Post 3081, and was Protestant. He is survived by his former wife, Ruth Ann Durrett; two sons and spouse, Randy Sr. and Sharron Durrett, and Joseph Durrett, all of Grafton; a daughter, Sandy Parker, of Grafton; six grandchildren and four great-grandchildren. Friends may call at Donald G. Ford Funeral Home, Grafton, from 2-4 and 7-9 p.m. Wednesday. Service will be at 11 a.m. Thursday, May 6, with Pastor Kenneth Howe officiating. Burial will be in West Virginia National Cemetery with graveside rites by VFW Memorial City Post 3081, American Legion Taylor County Post 12, DAV Chapter 24 and their auxiliaries.

Freda Virginia Hunt
Freda Virginia Hunt, 95, of Burton, died Friday, Oct. 1, 1999, at WVU Hospitals, Morgantown. She was born Sept. 17, 1904, in Hundred, daughter of the late Lewis and Cora Hamilton. She was a member of the Harmony Baptist Church, Burton, where she taught Sunday school and was the church organist into her 90s. She was a member of the first graduating class of Hundred High School in 1923, attended Fairmont Normal School in the 1920s and graduated from Fairmont State College in 1972. She taught in Wetzel and Monongalia county schools. She was a Democrat, a Wetzel County committeewoman and was elected to the Silver Haired Legislature in the W.Va. Federation of Democratic Women's Hall o f Fame. She was very active in the town of Hundred, which gave her an award for lifetime public service in 1992. She was a member of the Burton Homemakers, known as the Burton CEOS, and the Farm Women's Club. She traveled to Ireland and Africa for intern ational Farm Women's Club meetings. She is survived by two children and spouses, Donald and Jane Duncan, of Abilene, Texas, and Glen L. and B.J. Hunt, of Siler City, N.C.; 10 grandchildren and 11 great-grandchildren. She was also preceded in death by her husband, Garold Hunt; and a son, George R. Hunt. Friends may call at Hunt Funeral Home, Hundred, from 4-7 p.m. Wednesday, and at Harmony Baptist Church, Burton, from 10 a.m. Thursday, Oct. 7, until the 11 a.m. service, with the Rev. Linda Roberts officiating. Burial will be in Harmony Cemetery.

Betty L. Lee
Word has been received of the death of Betty L. Lee, 71, of Augusta, on Wednesday, Sept. 29, 1999, at Winchester Medical Center. She was born Sept. 26, 1928, in Bruceton Mills, daughter of Lova Michael McNair, of Arthurdale, and the late Harry I. McNair. She retired in 1992 from the West Virginia School of the Deaf and Blind in Romney after 16 years. She graduated from Arthurdale High School and was a member of the Delray Christian Church. She is also survived by her husband, Arlie W. Lee, whom she married Dec. 11, 1976; a daughter, Linda Ault, of Akron, Ohio; two brothers, Donald McNair, of Dearborn, Mich., and Eugene McNair, of Barberton, Ohio; two sisters, Eloise McNair, of Arthurdale, and Carol Hood, of Charlottesville, Va.; and two grandchildren. She was preceded in death by a sister, Vivien Wolfe. Service was Saturday, Oct. 2. Burial was in Green Lane Cemetery, Delray. Donations: North River Valley Volunteer Fire Department, c/o Delray Substation, P.O. Box 127, Rio, WV 26755. Giffin Funeral Home, Capon Bridge, was in charge of arrangements.

Phyllis V. Corbin
Phyllis V. Corbin, 54, of Canyon School Road, Morgantown, died Saturday, Oct. 2, 1999, at the home of her daughter in Addison, Pa. Service will be at William McCulla Funeral Home, Westover, at 11 a.m. Tuesday, Oct. 5, with Pastor Martin Stewart officiating. Burial will be in Zion Cemetery.

Alberta Dorfner
Alberta Dorfner, 76, of Virginia Avenue, Fairmont, died Monday, Oct. 4, 1999, at Wishing Well Health Center. She was born May 8, 1923, in Pittsburgh, daughter of the late Stanley and Catherine Lang Schroepfer. She was a beautician in the Pittsburgh area, a former member of the St. Basil Catholic Church, Pittsburgh, and a member of St. Peter the Fisherman Parish, Fairmont. She is survived by her husband, George Dorfner; two sons and spouses, Gregg and Pattie Dorfner, of Fairmont, and David and Connie Dorfner, of Elkins; two sisters, Rose Marie Szfranski and Bernelda Schroepfer; and two grandchildren, Joshua Dorfner and Eric Dorfner. She was also preceded in death by three sisters, Evelyn Baier, Gurtrude Berdar and Eleanor Firewicz; and two brothers, Emil Schroepfer and Edward Schroepfer. Friends may call at Boron Funeral Home, 1719 Brownsville Road, Pittsburgh, from 2-4 and 6-9 p.m. Wednesday, A Mass of Christian Burial will be at St. Basil Catholic Church, Pittsburgh, at 10 a.m Thursday. Burial will be at St. Michael's Catholic Cemetery. Domico Funeral Home, Fairmont, is in charge of arrangements.

Helen L. Brandimarte
Helen Louise Brandimarte, 91, of Otlahurst Drive, Fairmont, died Monday, Oct. 4, 1999, at Fairmont General Hospital. She was born Jan. 5, 1908, in New Salem, Pa., daughter of the late George and Isabelle Henasiko. She and her husband owned Avenue Market in Fairmont, and she was a member of St. Anthony Catholic Church, Watson. She is survived by nieces and nephews and great-nieces and nephews. She was also preceded in death by her husband, Dominic 'Dee' Brandimarte; and two sisters, Elizabeth Butcher and Anna Besse. Friends may call at Domico Funeral Home, 414 Gaston Ave., Fairmont, from noon to 9 p.m. Wednesday, with a Vigil service at 7 p.m. A Mass of Christian Burial will be at St. Anthony Catholic Church at 10 a.m. Thursday, Oct. 7, with Father James Neville as celebrant. Burial will be in Mount Carmel Cemetery.

Ruth Dale S. Efaw
Ruth Dale Shuman Efaw, 83, of Brush Run, Mannington, died Monday, Oct. 4, 1999, at Ruby Memorial Hospital. She was born Jan. 11, 1916, in Mannington, daughter of the late William Trevey and Onie Roupe Shuman. She was a member of the Bee Gum United Methodist Church and attended the East High United Methodist Church. She was a member of the Order of the Eastern Star Augusta Chapter No. 6 and was a former member of the Columbia Rebekah Lodge No. 43 and the Bee Gum Homemakers. She was active in 4-H clubs in the 1950s and enjoyed quilting, crafts and gardening. She is survived by a son and spouse, Wayne and Mary Efaw, of Mannington; two daughters and spouses, Nadine and Larry Carpenter and Ethel and James Snider, all of Lumberport; a sister, Madeline Hayes, of Mannington; nine grandchildren; nine great-grandchildren and a great-great-grandchild. She was preceded in death by her husband, Walter Glenn Efaw, on Feb. 17, 1976; two sisters, Josephine Swiger and Phyllis Taylor; a grandchild, James Cass Snider; and a great-grandchild, Joshua Snider. Friends may call at Masters Funeral Home, Mannington, from 2-9 p.m. Tuesday. Service will be at 1 p.m. Wednesday, Oct. 6, with the Rev. Herman George officiating. Burial will be in the Bee Gum Cemetery.

Galen Sheets Myers
Galen Sheets Myers, 86, of Grand Street, died Sunday, Oct. 3, 1999, at Monongalia General Hospital. He was born May 24, 1913, in Mount Pleasant, Pa., son of the late William A. and Sarah Sheets Myers. He was an Ohio County agriculture agent in Wheeling for 15 years. He worked at the WVU Cooperative Extension Service state office in Morgantown for 21 years. He was a graduate of the WVU College of Agriculture and a member of First Presbyterian Church of Morgantown and AF&AM Ohio Lodge 1, Wheeling. He is survived by his wife of 63 years, Marjorie Fischer Myers; two sons, Dr. David Richard Myers, of Augusta, Ga., and Dr. Robert Fischer Myers, of East Lyme, Conn.; a sister, Eurith Myers, of Greensburg, Pa., and three grandchildren, Dr. Deborah Myers, Elizabeth Myers and Megan Myers. He was also preceded in death by two brothers and two sisters. Friends may call at Hastings Funeral Home from 4-6 p.m. Tuesday. Service will be at First Presbyterian Church at 2 p.m. Wednesday, Oct. 6, with the Rev. Dr. Richard W. Fiete officiating. Burial will be in Lawnwood Cemetery.

Edward J. Prudnick
Edward J. Prudnick, 72, of Morgantown, died Sunday, Oct. 3, 1999, at home. He was born Jan. 7, 1927, in Star City, a son of the late Paul Sr. and Anna M. Tinskey Prudnick. He retired from the Davis Lynch Glass Factory in 1989 after 42 years of service. He was a veteran of World War II, having served in the U.S. Army in the European Theater. He is survived by his wife of 34 years, Carol Gamble Prudnick; a son and spouse, James and Karen Price, of Vienna, Va.; two daughters and spouses, Sherry and Brian Fox, and Paula and Rob Lang, all of Morgantown; three brothers and spouses, Paul Jr. and Giovanna Prudnick, of Star City, Raymond and Mary Lou Prudnick, of Fairmont, and Ralph and Patricia Prudnick, of Seattle, Wash.; five grandchildren, Amanda, Tracey and Greg Price, Kelsey Fox, and Tara Lang; 31 nieces and nephews; and 32 great nieces and n ephews. He was also preceded in death by two brothers, Roman Prudnick in infancy, and Joseph Harold Prudnick in 1998. Friends may call at Hastings Funeral Home, from 4-8 p.m. Tuesday. Service will be at 11 a.m. Wednesday, Oct. 6, with the Rev. Fred W. Tomlinson officiating. Burial will be in Cedar Grove Cemetery.

Guy J. Pitch Jr.
Guy J. 'Blackie' Pitch Jr., 71, of Grafton Road, Route 1, Independence, died Sunday, Oct, 3, 1999, at Monongalia General Hospital. He was born Jan. 4, 1928, in Morgantown, son of the late Guy Sr. and Oleta Evans Pitch. He retired as a maintenance supervisor from Grafton City Hospital. He was a member of the Homesteaders Gospel Group and the South Point Community Association. He was Methodist. He is survived by his wife of 42 years, Mary Dell Austin Pitch; two brothers and a spouse, Paul and Erma Pitch, of California, and Art Pitch, of Oregon; and seven sisters, Antoinette, Virginia, Sarah and Nancy, all of Pennsylvania, Kay, of Texas, Edith, of Ohio, and Marge, of Morgantown. He was also preceded in death by two brothers, Albert and Charles Pitch, and an infant sister, Helen. Friends may call at Dering's Funeral Home from 2-4 and 7-9 p.m. Tuesday. Service will be at 1 p.m. Wednesday, Oct. 6, with the Rev. Violet L. Petso officiating. Burial will be in the Halleck Cemetery.

Eugene F. Forquer
Eugene F. Forquer, 71, of Snake Hill Road, died Monday, Nov. 1, 1999, at home. He was born Feb. 12, 1928, in Fayette County, Pa., son of the late John W. and Nellie Strand Forquer. He retired as a salesman after 34 years with FMC. He attended Burns Chapel United Methodist Church, was a World War II veteran, and enjoyed camping at Big Bear Lake, fishing and carpentry. He is survived by his wife, Wilma Dalton Hilling Forquer; three sons and spouse, Troye Forquer, of Morgantown, Ronald Forquer, of Missouri, and Tracy and Cheryl Forquer, of North Carolina; a daughter, Mrs. David (Roberta) Show, of Hopwood, Pa.; seven stepchildren and spouses, Allan 'Sam' and Neva Hilling, Donald 'Pork' and Susan Hilling, Debra White and Donald Braham, James and Lisa Hilling, Judy Hilling and Noah Protzman, Bradley and Kim Hilling, and Lonnie 'Rick' and Tina Hilling; a sister and spouse, Thelma and Charles Brown, of Morgantown; a stepsister, Dorothy Stalnaker, of Shinnston; two cousins, Bernard Seaman and Martha Valentine; and 14 grandchildren. He was also preceded in death by his stepmother, Beryl Forquer; two brothers, Calvin Forquer and Roy Forquer; and two grandchildren, Aaron Levi Hilling and Donald Keith Hilling. Friends may call at Fred L. Jenkins Funeral Home from 7-9 p.m. Tuesday, and at Burns Chapel United Methodist Church from 2 p.m. Wednesday until 1 p.m. Thursday, Nov. 4, time of service with the Rev. Dan Agnew officiating. Burial will be in Nicholson Chapel Cemetery with military honors by VFW Post 548.

Brandon Wayne LaRue
Brandon Wayne LaRue, 16, of Walls Village, Morgantown, died Saturday, Oct. 30, 1999, as a result of a motorcycle accident. He was born Sept. 23, 1983, in Morgantown, son of Brent King and Brenda LaRue, of Morgantown. He was a sophomore at University High School, played soccer for Cheat Lake Middle School, and was a member of the Pentecostal Church of Point Marion, Pa. He is also survived by a sister, Jessica King, at home; maternal grandparents, Robert and Betty Shaffer, of Morgantown; paternal grandparents, William and Margret King, of Cheat Lake; great-grandmother Jessie Johnson; aunts and uncles Debra Bolden and fiance Heath Strosnider, of Morgantown, and William and Joyce King, Shawn and Donnet King, Robert King, Twila and Danny Baber, Janice and Chuck Ross, Sharon and Gary England, Sanya King, and Roxanne and Chuck Hare. Friends may call at Fred L. Jenkins Funeral Home from 3-5 and 7-9 p.m. Tuesday. Service will be at 11 a.m. Wednesday, Nov. 3, with the Rev. David Corbb officiating. Burial will be in Fletcher Cemetery.

Charles William Johnson
Charles William Johnson, 71, of Route 2, Grafton, died Sunday, Oct. 31, 1999, at United Hospital Center, Clarksburg. He was born Oct. 17, 1928, in Grafton, son of the late Arthur E. and Clara Mae Nixon Johnson. He retired after 40 years with Grafton Farm & Home Supply/Southern States. He was a U.S. Army veteran of the Korean War and a member of American Legion Post 0200, Charleston. He was Methodist. He is survived by his wife, Nancy L. Conner Johnson; a daughter and spouse, Carolyn Joanne and William 'Bill' Roy, of Grafton; two grandchildren and a spouse, Charles David 'Charlie' and Shari Roy, of Barboursville, and Brian Scott Roy, of Grafton; a great-granddaughter, Kayla Roy; and a brother, Robert Johnson, of Grafton. He was also preceded in death by a brother, Ernest Johnson, and two sisters, Helen Skidmore and Betty Colebank. Friends may call at Donald G. Ford Funeral Home, U.S. 50 west of Grafton, from 2-4 and 7-9 p.m. Tuesday. Service will be at 11 a.m. Wednesday, Nov. 3, with Pastor Thomas P. Horne officiating. Burial will be in West Virginia National Cemetery, with full military graveside rites by VFW Memorial City Post 3081, American Legion Taylor County Post 12, DAV Chapter 24, and their auxiliaries.

Marcia Tharp Terveer
Marcia Lynn Tharp Terveer, 39, of Huntersville, N.C., formerly of Morgantown, died Saturday, Oct. 30, 1999, after a long illness. She was born Aug. 26, 1960, in Pittsburgh, daughter of Lewis F. and Martha Williamson Tharp, of Auburndale, Fla. She graduated in 1978 from Parkersburg High School, where she was a member of the crew team. She graduated from Parkersburg Community College in 1981 with a degree in nursing and worked as a Registered Nurse in Morgantown at West Virginia University and at University Hospital, Charlotte, N.C., in ICU, cardiac and recovery units. She was a member of Ramah Presbyterian Church. She is also survived by her husband, Leon Terveer, whom she married Aug. 3, 1991; two sons, Troy Mitchell Terveer, 3, and Tyler Tharp Terveer, 18 months; her grandmother, Goldie Tharp, of Waynesburg, Pa.; two sisters, Janice Patton, of Waynesburg, and Beverly Cook, of Littleton, Colo.; a niece, Shelly Patton; and two nephews, Jeremy and Joshua Patton. She was preceded in death by her grandparents, Edward F. Williamson and Goldie Williamson and Cecil Tharp, and a niece, Reened Patton. Friends may call at Almond, Raymer & McConnell Funeral Home, Huntersville, N.C., from 7-8:30 p.m. Tuesday. Service at Ramah Presbyterian Church will be at 11 a.m. Wednesday, Nov. 3, with the Rev. Malcolm Brownlee officiating. Burial will be in the church cemetery.

Palmer D. Reckart
Palmer D. Reckart, 86, of Hazelton (Mountain Dale), died Sunday, Oct. 31, 1999, in Monongalia General Hospital, after a long illness. He was born Sept. 22, 1913, in Mountain Dale, son of the late Charles and Electa Rodeheaver Reckart. He was retired as a farmer and carpenter. He was a member of Mountain Dale Church of the Brethren, and was a U.S. Army veteran of World War II, where he won the good conduct medal, World War II victory medal, American theater service medal and a sharpshooter medal. He is survived by his wife, Betty Jean Romesburg Reckart, of Bruceton Mills; two sons, Spencer A. Reckart and Larry E. 'Bob' Reckart, both of Bruceton Mills; two daughters, Carolyn Sue Wolfe and Connie Marie Nieman, both of Bruceton Mills; two sisters, Venora Umble, of Bruceton Mills, and Alletta Thomas, of Dennett Manor Nursing Home, Oakland, Md.; 12 grandchildren and nine great-grandchildren. He was also preceded in death by a daughter, Phyliss Diana. Friends may call at Carl R. Spear Funeral Home, Brandonville, from 2-4 and 7-9 p.m. Tuesday. Service will be at 11 a.m. Wednesday, Nov. 3, with the Rev. Dana Umble officiating. Burial will be in Reckart Family Cemetery, Mountain Dale.

Paul Awman Ringer
Paul Awman Ringer, 79, of Albright, died Monday, Nov. 1, 1999, at Louis A. Johnson VA Hospital, Clarksburg. Carl R. Spear Funeral Home, Brandonville, is in charge of arrangements.

Leora Whitlatch
Leora 'Irene' Whitlatch, 73, of Farmington (South Farmington community), died Sunday, Oct. 31, 1999, at home. She was born Feb. 16, 1926, in Peora, daughter of the late Lester and Stella Martin Mason. She was a member of West Farmington Methodist Church, attended Farmington High School, and worked as a practical nurse at Fairmont General Hospital. She is survived by her husband of 54 years, Clarence Whitlatch; two daughters, Mrs. George (Barbara) Jackson, of Clarksburg, and Mrs. John (Patty) Price, of Mannington (Flat Run community); a son and spouse, James 'Woody' and Barbara Whitlatch, of Monumental; a sister-in-law, Lucille Mason, of Barrackville; a sister and spouse, Willie and Teresa Davis, of Farmington; a brother-in-law, Harold, of Front Royal, Va.; five grandchildren, three great-grandchildren, four stepgrandchildren and five stepgreat-gr andchildren. She was also preceded in death by a son, Randall 'Pudge' Whitlatch; a brother, Ray Mason; and a sister, Edith Hartzell. Friends may call at Dent Funeral Home, Farmington, from 2-9 p.m. Wednesday. Service will be at 11 a.m. Thursday, Nov. 4, with the Rev. Donald Thomas officiating. Burial will be in Grandview Memorial Gardens, Fairmont.

Ethel M. Lough
Ethel M. Lough, 98, of Littleton, died Monday, Nov. 1, 1999, at home. She was born Dec. 8, 1900, at Georgetown, daughter of the late Thomas and Ona Earnest Loar. She was a homemaker and a member of Sand Hill Church of Christ. She is survived by a son, Howard Lough, of Littleton; two daughters, Betty Fordyce, of New Freeport, Pa., and Bonnie Perkins, of Morgantown; a daughter-in-law, June Lough, of Floral City, Fla.; nine grandchildren, 13 great-grandchildren and four great-great-grandchildren. She was also preceded in death by her husband, John C. Lough, on July 18, 1971; a son, John W. Lough; four sisters, Zelma Moos, Virginia Fordyce, Nellie Taylor and Bessie Moos; a half sister, Sara Hinton; a half brother, Jim Loar; and a granddaughter. Friends may call at Tennant Funeral Home, Hundred, from 2-4 and 7-9 p.m. Wednesday. Service will be at 1 p.m. Thursday, Nov. 4, with evangelist Steve Stevens officiating. Burial will be in Sand Hill Cemetery, near Garrison, Pa.

Shirley R. Zimmerman
Shirley Mae Reckart Zimmerman, 64, of Millersville, Md., died Friday, Oct. 29, 1999, at University of Maryland Hospital, as the result of a brain aneurysm. She was born Oct. 19, 1935, at Cuzzart, daughter of Rena E. Strawser Reckart and the late Daniel H. Reckart. She was retired from Westinghouse Corp. She is also survived by a daughter, Rebecca Leatherman, of Millersville; three granddaughters, Dana, Amanda and Melissa; a nephew, Harold 'Pete' Bucklew, of Millersville; three brothers, Donnie Reckart, Delbert Reckart and Rodney Reckart, all of West Virginia; and four sisters, Lucille Strauss, of Georgia, and Nelda Koch, Florence Friend and Susan Harris, all of Maryland. She was also preceded in death by her husband, Ronald Zimmerman; a son, Robbie; a daughter, Crystal; and a sister, Nancy Metheny. Friends may call at Durst Funeral Home, Oakland, Md., from 7-9 p.m. Tuesday. Service at Crellin Assembly of God Church will be at 11 a.m. Wednesday, Nov. 3. Burial will be in Garrett County (Md.) Memorial Gardens.

Daniel Clark Taylor
Daniel Clark Taylor, 45, of Ravenswood, died Wednesday, Oct. 27, 1999, at Jackson General Hospital, Ripley. He was born July 28, 1954, in Ronceverte, son of Sara Rhudy Taylor, of Ronceverte, and the late B.C. Taylor. He was an attorney for the Child Advocate Department with the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources. He attended First United Methodist Church, Ravenswood, and was a mental hygiene commissioner and a WVU Law School graduate. He is also survived by his wife, Sharon Alonzo Taylor, of Ravenswood; three sons, Michael Clark and Matthew Clark, both of Ripley, and Anthony Vincent Alonzo, of Ravenswood; and two sisters and spouses, Lynn and Tom Gilpin, of Princeton, and Jennifer and Bill Sherwood, of Lewisburg. Service at First United Methodist Church, Ravenswood, was Sunday, Oct. 31. Burial was in the Ravenswood Cemetery. Roush Funeral Home, Ravenswood, was in charge of arrangements.